Power press control



Apri121, 1953 w. #Ew m1. 2,636,138

PwER PRESS CONTROL Filed April 22, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet l O'o 'J7/1,75 ado? f if w A HTTO/VEY April 21, 1953 POWER PRESS CONTROL Enea April 22, 194e s sneets-sheet 2 April 2l, 1953 Filed April 22, 194e` w. F'Ew ETAL POWER PRESS CONTROL 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 57 #aA/17 62M/ Patented Apr. 21, 1953 POWER PRESS CONTROL William Few, East Cleveland, and Oswald M. Bundy, Cleveland, Ohio, assignors to The Clark Controller Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application April 22, 1946, .Serial No. `663,938

(Cl. S-93) 14 Claims. 1

This invention rela-tes to the control of motor driven cyclically operating machines illustrative of whichas a general class are power presses.

In the patent -to O. M. Bundy, No. 2,299,007, granted October- .13, 1942, is illustrated and described a power operated press, and a control system therefor; and the present invention may be considered in some respects as an improvement over the disclosure of that patent, and reference may be made thereto.

ln that patent, a continuously running electric motor supplies power for reciprocating the head of a press, and-a friction clutch and a friction brake are provided, to release the brake and set the clutch to start the press, and to release the clutch and set the brake to stop the press.

In the developing of this art it has become desirable to obviate numerous known disadvantages of the said friction brakeand clutch. In the present invention this has been done by utilizing a magnetic brake and clutch of the type which exerts torque Ithrough a magnetic field medium.

Such magnetic brakes and clutches are well known; `and the action thereof being electrodynamic, are properly described as electrodynamic brakes and clutches; but, for simplicity hereinafter, the electrodynarnic brake and clutch utilized in .the present invention will be referred to as magnetic to distinguish them from an auxiliary friction brake which is also utilized.

While magnetic clutches and brakes have advantages over friction clutches and brakes in Ia press control, the highly inductive character of the clutch and brake windings when of a size suitable for a poweroperated press, introduces a disadvantage, namely, the difficulty of quickly dee-energizing them to-release them.

According to the present invention, the Vmagnetic brake and clutch are energized to operate them respectively by unidirectional current rectied from alternating current supply mains, by electronic rectier tubes; and to dre-energize them quickly, they are caused to discharge, and to deliver their stored energy Aback to the alternating current supply mains, through the lsame rectier tubes, by inversion.

The magnetic clutch is partially and intermittently energized, when it transmits power to the press for inching movements.

The tubes are conditioned for full power rectification to fully energize the vbrake and clutch to actuate them, and for `inversion to rde-energ.iz-e

and release thennandfcr partial clutch energizetion for inchinabya phase changing system for the grids of the tubes.

Emergency provision is made to de-energize yand release the clutch by actually opening its energizing circuit if it has failed for any reason to be cle-energized by inversion as aforesaid.

A supplemental friction brake is provided Nto hold the press against drifting movement when it has been stopped by the magnetic brake, or to stop it in emergencies.

Emergency 4provision is also made to prevent further operation of the control system upon failure of magnetic clutch or brake current.

Other features of safety for the operators and for the press and for the Work in the press are provided for.

A novel control system is provided 'to energize the grids of the tubes and to control the phase changing system, to control the clutch and brake, under both manual control and automatic pressmovement control; to start and stop and inch the press in accordance with predetermined requirements of press movement, and requirements of safety for the press operators; to bring into action the said emergency and safety provisions, etc.

Accordingly, the .main objects of the inventicn are `to providea control system for a power press or like cyclically operating machine, having, among others, the features mentioned above.

Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention appertains The invention is fully disclosed in ythe following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is an elevational view, in some respects diagrammatic, illustrating a power press, having a magnetic clutch, amagnetic brake, and a friction brake associated therewith; a magnetically controlled valve for controlling air pressure to operate `the friction brake; and showing ve contactors operated by movement of the press;

Fig. 2 is a vdiagrammatic View of one of the press-operated contactors, the view being taken from the plane 2-2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic View7 illustrating the operating times of the press-operated contactors during a complete cycle of the press;

Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views and are to be considered as parts of one figure illustrating a completecontrol system for operating the press and controlling its operation;

Fig. 6 .is a diagrammatic view illustrating a manual controller for setting the electric .control circuit .of Fig. 5 for different desired operating conditions.

Referring to the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2, I'have shown generally at i the main base of a power operated press, having a crank shaft 2, and a pair of cranks 3-3, which operate connecting rods 4 5, to reciprocate an upper head 5, toward and from a lower stationary head 6, to perform pressing operations upon work pieces placed in dies or the like, not shown, but to be as usual mounted on the heads and 6.

A revolution of the shaft 2, and a completeV alternate reciprocation of the head 5, constitutes a cycle of operations of the machine, and the parts are illustrated in Fig-1 at the beginning of the cycle, or at the top of the stroke.

Mounted adjacent to the machine or on it, is a plurality of operators push buttons 'I-T. Preferably two push-buttons are provided for each operator of the machine, although only two have been shown; and the control system to be described is arranged so that all of the operators push-buttons must be closed before the head 5 will start downwardly, whereby the operators hands and arms and other parts of his body will be out of the line of movement of the head 5 and therefore out of danger of injury thereby, and to this end the push buttons 'l-'I may be disposed at some distance from the head 5.

A gear 8 is mounted to run idly upon the shaft 2, and is meshed with a motor pinion 9 on the shaft of a motor I6 supported on the frame I, or on a bracket I! thereof, and in the operation of the machine, the motor I6 runs continuously at a predetermined speed and continuously rotates the gear 8.

The motor is energized from supply mains I2 through a controller I 3 by which in a well known manner it may be started and stopped or reversed.

A magnetic clutch hea-d I 4 is secured to and rotates with the gear 8 and has a clutch Winding I5 housed therein and has annular pole faces I6-I6.

A magnetic brake head I'I is secured to a part I8 of the stationary bracket II and has housed therein a brake winding I 9 and has annular pole faces 26-26 confronting and spaced from the pole faces Iii-I 6 of the clutch head.

A brake and clutch rotor 2 I is keyed to the shaft 2, rotatable between the clutch head and brake head; and the diagrammatic showing indicates y that torque will be exerted thereon by the clutch head I5 to rotate the shaft 2 when the clutch winding I5 is energized, and that torque will be exerted thereon by the brake head II to stop the shaft 2 when the brake winding I9 is energized. The energization and de-energization of the windings I5 and I5 is synchronized by means to be described.

The end of the shaft 2 projects through and outwardly beyond Vthe magnetic brake and clutch heads and is splined as at 22, and meshed with the splines is the hub 23 of a. friction-brake actuator, carrying a brake ring 24 rotatable with the hub 23 and shaft 2, opposite a stationary brake ring 25 on a part 26 of the bracket I I.

Associated with the hub 23 is a disc 21, within a housing 23 in which are mounted ball bearings 29 and 36 on both sides of the disc 26; and the housing 28 is connected to the piston rod 3I of a piston 32, reciprocable in a cylinder 33; and the piston 32 is normally held toward the right, as viewed in the drawings, by a spring 35; and the thrust of the spring is transmitted through the piston rod 3l and housing 23, and through the n ballbearing 23, to the disc 2'I, and thence tofgthe 4 hub 23, and thereby holds the brake ring 24 in frictional engagement with the brake ring 25, and, acting through the splines 22, exerts a braking action on the shaft 2, to hold it from rota- Ition or to bring it to rest, if at the time, it is rotating.

When the piston 32 is reciprocated toward the left, as viewed in the drawing, against the ten- Sion of the spring 33, the hub 23 is moved by the ball bearing 36 toward the left, on the splines 22, and disengages the brake rings 24-25.

The piston 32 is operated to move it toward the left, by air pressure from a source 35 controlled by a valve device 36. In the normal position of the parts illustrated, the cylinder 33 is exhausted through a conduit 31 to a chamber 38, through a valve port 39 to a chamber 4B, and out to atmosphere at 4I, and air pressure from the source 35 is cut off at a port 42, by a valve 43, held in port-closing position by a spring 44.

An electro-magnetic winding G is provided which, when energized, moves a plunger to compress the spring lill and retract the valve 43 to uncover the port 42 and close the port 39, whereupon fluid pressure from the source 35 ows through the port 42 to the chamber 38, and by conduit 3'! to the cylinder 33, to move the piston against the tension of the spring 34 for the purposes described.

From the foregoing description it will now be apparent that when the electro-magnetic winding G of the valve device 36 is energized, the brake of the machine is released, and that when the winding is de-energized, the brake is set by the spring 34; and that energization of the winding G may be eifected by an electric circuit comprising wires 46 and 41,

The left-hand end of the shaft 2, as viewed in Fig. 1, extends beyond the machine and has mounted thereon seven cam operated contactors 48 to 53 to be referred to later, the operation of which may be seen from the diagrammatic elevational view of one of them in Fig. 2. Only five of these cam contactors are shown in Fig. 1 to shorten the drawing. In Fig. 2, upon the shaft 2, is mounted by means of a screw 48, a cam 49, having a cam Surface 55, preferably in two overlapping parts, a front part 5I, and a rear part 52, having arcuate slots 53 and 53A therein respectively, through which a clamp bolt 55 is projected to lock them together. The part 5I is clamped upon the shaft 2 by the screw 58 but may be adjustably positioned around the shaft by loosening the screw and shifting the part and again tightening the screw; and the part 52 may be shifted around the shaft 2 and then secured to the part 5I by the bolt 55, whereby the extent of the cam surface 5U may be adjustably varied, as well as its angular position around the shaft 2.

A contactor arm 56 is pivotally supported at 51, and has a finger 58 engaged with the cam surface 50, by a spring 55, and the arm 56 carries a movable contact 66 opposite a stationary contact 6 I.

As will be apparent from this diagrammatic construction, when the shaft 2 is rotated, the cam surface 56 will leave the iinger 5S and the spring 59 will close the contacts 56 and 6I, and as the shaft 2 continues to rotate the nger 58 will ride up on the cam surface 56 and disengage the contacts 60 and 6I.

Obviously the cam contactor of Fig. 2 may, when the shaft 2 is at the beginning of its cycle, be positioned either to cause the contacts 6D and 6I to be engaged or to' be dis-engaged.

The .said seven cam operated contactors 48 to `54 :have ,been .reproduced diagrammatically, in Fig. `5., which illustrates a part of the control system embodying the invention and to be more fully described later. The contactors 4S, 49, and 50 are normally closed, and the contactors 5|, 52, ,53, land 54 are normally open; and in this iigure is reproduced the valve winding G and .its plunger 45, and the circuit wires 46 Vand 41 thereof, as well as the push-buttons '1 -1.

.The clutch and brake windings I5 and I9, are .shown in Fig. 4 to be described.

In Fig. .5, there are shown a'number of electro-magnetic contactors each `having Va number of .contacts as follows:

Contactor A having normally open V.contacts Al .to A41 Contactor B having normally open contacts B| .to B3 andnormally closed contacts B4;

Contactor C having normally open contacts .Cl to C4 and `normally colsed contacts C5;

Contactor D having normally open contacts D| .and D2;

Contactor E having normally open contacts E`| and `normally closed contacts E?. and E3;

`Contactor F having normally closed Contact Fi arranged to open as indicated after a time interval following energization of the Contactor;

The brake valve winding G referred to above;

Contactor I-I having normally open contacts I-Ii to H5;

Contactor I having normally open contacts It .to I5;

Contactor J having normally open contacts J Contactor K having normally closed contacts Kl which as indicated 'open'aiter a time interval of energization of the contactor;

Contactor L having normally open contacts Li to L3 and normally closed contacts L4;

Contactor M having normally open contacts Ml and M2 and normally closed contacts M3.

At 62 is a manual stop push button type contactor; at 7 1 are the said manual start push button type contactors; at 63 is a manual inching push button type Contactor; and at 54 is a push button Contactor for performing a retarding and stopping operation on the motor I0 of Fig. 1.

At 65 to I3 inclusive are nine pairs of .contacts illustrated with bridging bars above them, to be manually opened and closed, and these are preferably all assembled in a manual controller diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 6 where a series of bridging bars 'i4 to 8| may be moved from an oir Vposition to either of four positions designated `as one cycle, continuoua inch, and motor stop; and in each position will bridge certain pairs .of the contacts 65 to 13 selectively.

The aforesaid seven cam operated contactors 48 to 54 operated by rotary movement of the press shaft have their cams adjusted so as to operate as indicated in the diagrammatic showing of'Fig. 3 wherein zero degrees indicates the angular position of the shaft 2 at the top oi' the press stroke and 360 degrees indicates that it has made a complete revolution. rThe shaded zones of the diagram indicate that the contactors identified at the left of the respective zones are closed and unshaded zones indicate that they are open.

In Fig. 4, at 62-83 are alternating current supply mains which may be connected to and disconnected from a source 84 by a switch 85. A transformer 86 has a primary 8'! connected to the mains. .S2- 183 .and .a ibi-phase secondary '88.

va wire 94 through a series of contacts II-IZ-IS to the aforesaid magnetic clutch winding I5, and thence through a series of contacts H|- H2--H3, and through the winding of a magnetic contacter N by a wire to the mid-point 96 of the bi-phase secondary 88.

Another rectifying circuit is provided comprising two rectiiier tubes 91-98, Yanode-connected to the ends of the secondary 88 by wires 99|00 and having a common .cathode main |.0.|, connected by a wire |02 to the aforesaid magnetic brake winding I9, and thence by ,a wire |03 through the winding of the contactorjN and by said wire 95 to the mid-point 96 of the secondary 88.

The energizing and phase changing system above referred to for .the grids of the tubes 89 and .90 comprises a capacitor |04 and an adjustable resistor |05 connected across the wires 9| and 92 and therefore across the .bi-phase secondary 88, with a connection point I 06 therebetween, whereby alternating `potential is produced between the points 96 and |06, out of phase with the potential impressed on the tubes 89--90 by the 'secondary 88, by an amount determined by the adjustment of the resistor |05; and a transformer |01 having a primary |08 is energized by this out of phase potential, and energizes a bi-phase secondary |09 the mid-point ||0 of which is connected to the cathode main 93 and the ends of which are connected respectively to the grids of the tube 89-90; resistors |||||2 and capacitors ||3| I4, being vprovided for the usual purposes.

The resistor |05 has three adjustable taps l |5 |6| thereon, and, at any adjustments-thereof, contacts L4, L3, and El when operated as will be described, provide three different eiTective values for the resistor, and thereby give three different degrees of phase displacement of the grid energization of the tubes 89 and 90.

When the contacts El and L4 are closed, and contacts L3 are open, the phase will be set to cause the tubes 89 and 90 to iire in the early part of the tube-impressed potential wave and supply substantially full wave rectified current to the clutch winding I5 to cause it to drive the press.

When contacts L4 are opened and contacts L3 and E! are closed, the tubes will re at an intermediate part of the tube impressed wave and supply reduced rectified current to the clutch winding and this is done intermittently as will be described when the press is to be operated with inching movements.

When the contacts Ei and L3 are both open, the phase is shifted toward the late part of the tube impressed wave. It is well known that, with a full wave tube rectifier circuit such -as that here considered, and as described, and while it is being operated as a rectier, energized from an alternating current lsource as described, if a sufficient direct current potential be impressed upon the rectifier output mains, and the grid phase oi the rectiner tubes be shifted suiiiciently far toward the late part of the tube impressed wave, the -rectifying action is -inverted; and the direct potential and current become the input, and are converted into alternating potential vand currentand-supplied back asoutput to thealterhating current source.

In the present instance, the clutch `winding I is energized across the mains 94-95 with unidirectional current by the rectier as described; and it is highly inductive as stated.

If then the potential impressed upon it be suddenly reduced to a low value, it will rapidly discharge in a well known manner and it thereby becomes a source of unidirectional potential impressed on the mains 94-95.

When the phase on the tube grids was shifted toward the late part of the tube impressed Wave as referred to by opening the contacts El and L3, this not only reduced the impressed rectified potential on the clutch winding I5 to a very low value causing it to discharge, but also, as aforesaid, conditioned the tubes for inverter action.

Thus when the contacts El and L3 are both opened, the energization of the clutch winding l5 discharges back into the alternating current mains without rupturing the clutch Winding circuit; and the clutch energization dies out to a negligible value; and Without being retarded or delayed, and therefore in the minimum of time.

It has been found that a magnetic clutch of sufficient size to operate a power press is so highly inductive that it cannot be de-energized quickly and safely bysimply opening its circuit by rupturing contacts, because the potential induced by its decaying magnetic field rises to destructive values, and arcs at the rupturing contacts form and persist, even if a plurality of circuit rupturing contacts are provided in series; and the time required to release the clutch is thereby made too long for satisfactory reliable operation of a rapidly moving, cyclically operating press. By utilizing rectier tube inversion as above described these defects of such clutches when used with power presses are obviated, and rapid, safe, on and oi cycles of operation are made possible; and the energy stored in the clutch winding is supplied back as useful energy into the current source system.

In some cases, it may be desirable to supplement the inversion action of de-energizing the clutch winding by bridging it with a unit of a material having resistance which decreases with the potential impressed upon it, and such a unit is shown at l 3 connected across the clutch winding l5. Such material is Well known in commerce by those skilled in the art.

The double series of contacts Il, I2, I3, and Hl, H2, H3 referred to above, at each side oi the clutch winding l5 are provided as safety emergency contacts. Normally they are open until the clutch is to be energized, and then close and remain closed in the operation of the control system (as will be described); but if due to any cause the clutch winding l5 should not become de-energized by inversion as provided for in the operation of the system, these contacts will all open simultaneously and rupture the clutch winding circuit, so that the press cannot continue to be driven unexpectedly and with danger to the operators and damage to work in the press upon failure of the inversion circuit.

A phase changing system similar to that for the tubes 39-98, is provided for the tubes Sil-98,

and can be brieily described. It comprises aV capacitor H8 and a resistor HS and an intermediate point |253; a transformer |2| having a primary |22 connected across the points 96 and |20, and energizing a bi-phase secondary |23 midconnected to the cathode main lill, and its ends are connected to the grids of the tubes 97-98 with the usual resistors IZA-|25 and capacitors V|25|2`L Two adjustable taps |28|29 are provided on the resistor H9; and at any adjustment, con

tacts J when operated (as will be described) provide two effective values for the resistor H9, and two degrees of phase displacement for Jhe grids of the tubes 97 and 98 to cause them to have two values of potential output. The operation is similar to that of the tubes 89-90.

When the contacts J are closed, the phase will be set to supply full Wave rectified current through the tubes 91-98 to the magnetic brake winding I9. When the contacts J are open, the phase is shifted to cause the tubes 97-98 to effect by inversion, and discharge of the inductive brake winding, and supply of its energy back to the mains 82-83.

The foregoing comments as to the de-energizing of the inductive clutch winding l5 apply also to the de-energizing of the inductive brake winding I9; and the advantages provided by the quick safe release of the clutch also are provided by the quick release of the brake. A unit, such as that at I8 for the clutch winding l5, is provided at 39 for the brake winding l 8 for a like purpose.

If for any reason the brake fails to be released by the inverting action of the tubes 91-98, no danger results as in the case of clutch release failure as referred to, and disconnecting con-Y tacts such as those provided in the clutch winding circuit are not needed.

A time interval relay O is provided having contacts Ol which remain open for a time interval after closing the supply switch 85. Any suitable type of relay for this purpose may be provided, that shown representing a thermal relay having bi-metal heated by a heater |3| energized across the mains 32-33.

'Ihe purpose of this relay is to prevent starting up of the system upon closure of the line contactor 85, and consequent passing of substantial current through the tubes iBS-Sil to the clutch winding l5 until these tubes have had time to heat up.

This is done, as will be described, by prevent.l ing the contacts Il to I3 and HI to H3 from closing to close the clutch Winding circuit, until contacts Ol have closed.

A like time delay protection is provided but in a different manner for the tubes 9798. The grid phase changing contacts J for these tubes are normally open, and cannot close (as will be described) until the relay contacts 0| have closed, and with the contacts J open, the grid phase is shifted so far toward the late firing part of the tube impressed wave that the tubes 97-98 cannot pass destructive current, even if not heated up.

The contactor N having its winding in series with the main current to brake winding I9 and clutch winding l5, has its contacts Nl disposed (as will be described) to close a holding circuit for energizing the control system, and if the main current to the clutch and brake windings should fail, the contacts Nl open and restore the system to a safe condition.

At |32 is a transformer having a primary |33 connected across the mains 82-83 and having a secondary |34, for supplying potential to the part of the control system of Fig. 5.

Various elements and circuit connections nothitherto described will now be described in connection with a description of operation of the whole system.

In the operation of the press and press control it will rst be assumed that it is to start from the 9T t'op efthe press stroke and make one complete stroke er one cycle, thus returning to the top, and then step.

Camv centactors 48 and 49 and 5!) of Fig. 5 are therefore in closed position (see Fig. 3). The manual controller of Fig. 6 is moved to the one cycle position, closing contact pairs 55, 66, 10 reproduced in Fig. 5 the others remaining open.

The meter l' is started and idly drives the gear 8.V

When the line switch 85 of Fig. i` is closed,` the transformer |32 of Fig. 4 is energized, and by means of its secondary |34 (reproduced-in Fig. 5) supplies potential to control mains |35 and |36.

- There isonly ene closed circuit between these mains, namely, that at |31', the other cross eircuits' of the diagram being between main |35 and a main |38 but the latter is at' present de-ener g-ized because of contacts OI in the upper right hand cerner of thediagram which are open awaiting operation of the contacter OI of Fig. 4. The current flows through the cross circuit I3'I through closed contacts E3 and through the winding of contacter K and its closed contacts KI will, after a time interval, open. This time interval is short, say ve seconds, as compared with a time interval ef sixty seconds for the thermal relay contacts 0|.

Closed contacts KI arein cross line |39.

Contacts() Il finally close energizing mainsv |35- |38;

Current new flows from main |35, threughfcontacts FI (upper leftl corner' of Fig. 5) through closed step contacter 62, closed contacts 65, to wire Mote the"start centactors 1 1.

These push buttonV contactors 'I-'| of which four are shown, will, when depressed, start up the control system. They aredispesed in two groups, P and Q, and any desired number may be provided: in eachgreup, preferably two for eacheper ater.. For well known reasons'as set forth in the aforesaid patent, it is desirablethat all of these contactors-be released. and returned to their upperpesitions before starting up the cycle. These centactersthereiere have normally closedupper contacts IiI-t--I'Ml and normally open lowercentacts I42-I42.

When all the centactcrs 'i-'| are released, current ewsfrem wire |40 by way of contacts |-4| of gioupRwire- |43, winding ofcontacter A, Wire' |:`f44,.centactsy |42 of group Q, wire |45, closed contactsBB, contacts-Gli, tomain |35; and contacter A. operates closing its centacts-I te A4;

Current then iiewg fromwirer |40 byr way of contacts 48, AI, wires |43 and |44, contacts A2, 49, tewire |45, thusv holding contacter A operated independently of the push button ccntactors 1.--1' which may'now be depressed.

When contactors 1 -'1 are depressed, closing contacts U12-|42, current flows from wire |40" by wayef` contacts |42 of group P, contacts A3', Wire |45, contactss; windingof contacter B, wire |41, contacts A4, contacts |42 ofA group Qto Wire |45;

and contacter B- eperates closing contacts BI to B3-and opening contacts B4.

Current then iiowsr from Wire |45 by way of contacts Bi, wire |48, winding of contacter C, wire |49, contacts B2 te wire I4?, operating-centactor C and closing its contacts'CI te C4, and opening C5.

Current then news from wire |48 by way of contacts CI to wire |50, contacts B3, wire |I, Winding of contacter D, contacts C4, wire |52, contacts C2, to wire |49; and contacter D opera'tes closing contacts Di and D2.

Upon closure of contacts C4', wire |53 became 10 energized; and the magneticvalve winding G thereupon became energized from wire |50, by way ef contacts M3, wires 46 and 411, te wire |53; and this, in Fig. 1', operates the valve 43 and causes the friction brake discs 24-25 to be moved apart by the piston 32 to release this brake.

When contacts DI-D2 closed, they closedV a cross line |54, Fig. 5, from main |35l te main |38', energizing the windings of contact-ors B and I and closing their contacts HI' toH5 and II to I5.

Centactors E and F are thereupon energized, from wire |50 by way of contacts B3, H4, windings` of contactors Ey and F, contacts I4, to Wire |53, and they` operate, closing contacts EI and opening contacts E2', E13-and, after a time interval, opening contacts FI.

When contacts EI closed (see Fig, 4), the grids of tubes 8'9-90 were phased te pass full current to'theclutch windingv I5; and' since contacts-II to I5 and HPI to H5 were synchronized a5 described tobe already closed, the clutch is fully energized testart the press cycle.

The clutch current in winding of contacter N (Fig. 1i) operates it, andA it closes its contacts NI, whichin Fig. 5 (upper left) take over the control current, substitutingfor contacts FI which may new be opened, to put the control en series contaeter N asreferred to, as a protection against clutch current failure. This-occurs immediately upon energizatien of centactorsE and Fbut contactsF| do net openV until after a time delay as indicatedto give time for the current in the'clutch circuitte build up andclosecentactsY Nt.

Referring te cross line |39, Fig. 5, contacts KI were opened by contacter K as described before potential came onmain- |38; se that contacter J could not operate. When contacter E operated it opened contacts E3 in cross line |37, de-energizing contacter K, and its contacts KI closed; but in the meantime, in crossv line |39, contacter J was withheld from operating by opening ef centact's C5, so-thatthe full brake winding current is held eff by open contacts J in Fig. 4. The brake winding I9 will be receiving a velu small rectified current, see Fig. 4, because of thev inversion setting ef the peint |28 on the resister ITB, but thisV is ineffective and does no damage to the tubes ill-98i even if they are net warmed up when it starts te flew, upon closure of line contacter 85.

Upon energization of the clutch winding I5 as described, through the agency of contacts EI upon closing, the press starts its cycle.

After apart of the down stroke of the press, cam" centactors 5Iv and 52 close (see also Fig. 3), and then the start centacters 'I- can be re leased; contacter C being held operates by current from wire |43 by Way ef contacts 5|, CI', C2, and`f52te Wire |45.

This cie-energizes contacter B and opens contacts B3 upon which energization of centacters D, E, and F depended, but dees not affect these contacters, because, prior to this as indicated in Fig. 3, cam contacts 53 closed, which maintains contacter D" energized between wires |40 and |45 by way'ef contacts 5|, C3, 53, C4, and |52, and contactors E and F energized by Way of 53, |5| H4, I4, and |53. A

Cam contacts 5| and 52 will open again at the top` of the stroke, see Fig. 3', to restore the control system foi-"another operation.

When the press reaches the end of its cycle or the top of its return stroke, it is desired to deenergize'theclutch by inversion that is, invF'ig. 4, by cie-energizing contacter E, Fig. 5, te open cenll tacts El, Fig. 4; and to energize the brake, that is, by energizing contactor J, Fig. 5, to close contacts J Fig. 4.

The clutch will be put on inversion to de-energize it by deenergizing contactor E upon opening of cam contacts |-52 at the top of the stroke, see Fig. 3, but preferably it is de-energized earlier, by opening of cam contacts 53, see Fig. 3.

The brake can be energized by operation of contactor J and closure of contacts J by cam contactor 5| at the top of the stroke Which opens and de-energizes contactor C, and it closes con tacts C5 in cross line |39, contacts Kl being closed; but preferably it is energized earlier by closure of cam contactor 54, in cross line |39, contacts B4 and Kl being closed.

When contactor E was de-energized to discharge the clutch by inversion as described, contactor F was also de-energized and moved to open its contacts DI and D2. As indicated, in Fig. 5, diagrammatically, contacts DI open at once, but opening of contacts D2 is delayed. Upon opening of contacts DI, energization of contactors H and I (which have contacts I| to I3 and Hl t0 H3 in series with the clutch Winding l5) is maintained on their oWn holding contacts H5 and I5 in cross line |54, Fig. 5. After a time interval for discharging of the clutch Winding, contacts D2 open, and then contacts I| to I3 and Hl to H3 open the clutch circuit for purposes referred to.

The brake Winding |9 will be discharged by inversion when contacts J l open again upon deenergizing contactor J, and this occurs at the top of the stroke When cam contacts 54 open.

When cam contactors 5|-52 open as referred to, at the top of the press stroke, they remove potential from the Wires |50 and |53, and the friction brake controlling Winding G is de-energized and as described for Fig. l, this brake sets -to hold the press from drifting by gravity; or if for any reason, such as failure of the control to function as described, the magnetic brake does not stop it, this brake will.

The magnetic brake when fully energized is effective to stop the press from continuing to operate. It is true that the torque of a magnetic brake such as here utilized dies out when the relative movement of the braked parts approaches zero. But there is always considerable friction in the moving parts of a press of large size for f which a magnetic brake and clutch are advantageous, as referred to above, and when the magnetic brake has effectively stopped the press, friction will bring it to dead rest. The friction brake is utilized primarily to hold the press at rest, and to prevent it from moving by itself if at the time of being stopped it is in an unbalanced condition and gravity might propel it.

It is in this aspect that the magnetic brake is described and claimed herein as effective to stop the press when it is fully energized.

' When it is desired to have the press run continuously cycle after cycle, the manual controller y of Fig. 6 is moved to the Continuous position, and contacts at 65, 66, 6l, 68, 63, 1|, reproduced in Fig. 5, will be closed and the others open.

The cam contactors 5|-52 are now bridged by `the controller contacts Bland 38 and their above described action is inhibited so that a momentary closure of the start contactors 7 7, sets the control into operation as described above, and it repeats, stroke after stroke or the press.

To stop the press, the stop contactor 62 is manually depressed cutting off potential from the control system by cutting off main 35, and

this, as will be understood from the foregoing description, Will set the friction brake by de-energizing the valve Winding G, Fig. 5; and set the magnetic clutch tubes 89-93 to inversion by opening contacts El, to deenergize the clutch; and cause contactor J to operate (it being energized across the mains |35 and it-|33 independently of the stop contactor) and close contacts J and energize the magnetic brake.

When it is desired to operate the press by inching movement, as when setting up dies in the machine for example, the manual controller, Fig. 6, is set to the Inch position closing contacts 69--3 l-2, reproduced in Fig. 5.

The controller contacts 'i2 close a cross line |55, Fig. 5, energizing and operating contactor L which closes contacts Ll, L2, L3, and opens contacts L4. In Fig. 4, contacts L3 and El set the grid phase of tubes 83-93 for an intermediate value of rectified clutch current suitable for inching purposes, Whenever contacts El close.

Contacts LI and L2 are respectively in short lines |55|58 connected to Wires |5`|| 58, receiving potential from the mains 535-436 independently of the start contactors 1 -'i and the automatic response thereto.

The said inching push button type contactor 63 when depressed closes contacts |59|6|J which connects the Wires |5'I-I58 to the described wires |5| 53, and energizes them independently of the contactors A, B, and C and of the cam ccntactors 5|-52.

Controller contacts 69 being closed, each time the push button 63 is depressed, the friction brake Will be released by energization of Winding G. Contactor D will be operated, and contacts DI and D2 will cause operation of contactors H and I, and contacts H4 and I4 will cause operation of contactors E and F. Contacts El (Fig. 4) will close and provide intermedia-te inching clutch current as referred to; and contacts E3 and E2 open cross lines |37, and a branch cross line IGI, contacts 1| being closed. Controller contacts I0 being now open, the only circuit for contactor J controlling the brake winding is through 'll-E2.

The press runs so long as the push button 63 is held depressed. When it is released, it de-energizes friction brake winding G to set the friction brake; and causes El to open and discharge the clutch Winding; and causes contacts E2 to close. Contacts E2 cause contactor J to operate and close contacts J l, which as described cause energization of the magnetic brake. Thus long or short inching movements are provided for as desired.

In any event, and as described, whenever the press is stopped by the magnetic brake, upon operation of contactor J and closure of contacts J| (Fig. 4), contacts E3 in cross line |31 Will be closed.

This energizes contactor K across mains |35|36 and it starts a time interval at the end of which it opens contacts KI in cross line |39, de-energizing contactor J and opening contacts J which, as shown for Fig. 4, conditions the brake Winding for discharging by inversion as described.

In Fig. 1,'the motor I0 runs continuously in one direction for the above described operations. In setting up the press, for example during inching operations, it is sometimes desirable to quickly stop the motor and run it in the reverse direction. The motor lo could be stopped and reversed by the controller 3, but because of the inertia of the idle gear 8 and clutch housing I4 thiswouldv cause the motor It to drawV adamaging amount of current from the line` I2. Also, and as contemplated within the scope of our inyention a well known belt drive may` be substitutedior thev illustratedY gear drive between the motor lili and' clutch housing I4, and' a suddenplugging reversalv of such drives is objectionable.

It is therefore desirable in some cases to quickly bring the motor iii' to rest before reversing it and means. will now be described for. utilizing the magnetic clutch for this alternative purpose.

The motor iii is first disconnectedl from the line l2 by the controller i3.

The manual controller, Fig. 6, is set to the Motor Stop position', closing' contacts 'I3 and ES reproduced in Fig. 5.

Closed contacts 13 connect contacter M across mains l35' and 38 and it operates closing. contacts Mi, M2, and opening contacts M3.

The brake actuating winding G is cut oli by contacts M3 so that the friction brake 24-25 sets.

The push button type contactor d4 is now depressed manually closing contacts ISL-IEB, and this connects the wire |51 to the wire 56 through contacts Ml and |62, and connects wire H58y to wire H53 through contacts M2 and 163.

The contacts 69 being closed, contactors D, H, I, and E operate (as during inching by the push button contactor G3) and the clutch winding i5 is fully energized when El closes. rihe rotor i on the shaft 2 is held stationary by the friction brake 2t25 and` the torque developed by the rotating clutch housing M, quickly brings it and the gear 8, pinion and motor it to rest.

The contactor 613 is then released, and the motor started up in the reverse direction by the controller I3.

To stop the motor Quickly in the reverse direction preparatory to starting it again in the forward direction, the same procedure is followed.

The invention is not limited in all respects, to the details illustrated and described herein; changes and modifications may be made; and the invention comprehends all changes and modications which come within the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. An electric controlY for a power operated cyclically operating machine of the type comprising a continuously running motor for supplying power to the machine; a power transmission element rotatable idly by the motor when the machine is at rest; a magnetic clutch energizable effectively to clutch the transmission element to the machine to drive it; a magnetic brake energzable effectively to brake the machine to stop it; the control comprising a source of alternating current; a first tube rectifying and tube grid phase changing system for energizing the magnetic clutch effectively from the source by rectiiied current and discontinuing eiective energization by inversion; a second tube rectifying and tube grid phase changing system for eiectively energizing the magnetic brake from the source by rectified current and discontinuing effective energization by inversion; a control system comprising contacts and circuits controlled thereby which when electrically actuated control the rst grid phase system to cause effective energization of the magnetic clutch as aforesaid; and Which, when de-actuated control the' first grid phasel system to cause discontinuance ofeflectiveenergization of the magnetic" y1:4 clutch as. aforesaid, and control` theV second? grid phase system to cause effective energization of the magnetic brake and after a time interval discontinuance of effective energization thereof as aforesaid; and control contacts controlling. actuation and cle-actuation of the said. circuits.

2. An electric control for a power operated cyclically operating machine of the. type. com.- prising a continuously running motor for supplying power to the machine; a power transmission element rotatable idly by the motor when the machine is at rest; a magnetic clutch enerizable electively to clutch the transmission elementV to the machine to drive it; a magnetic brake energizable effectively to brake the machine to stop it; friction brake for the machine biased. to set condition and having electrically actuable means to release it; the control comprising a source of alternating current; a first tube rectifying and tube grid phase changing system for energizing' the magnetic clutch effectively from the source by rectiiied current and discontinuing eiective energization by inversion; a second tube rectifying and tube grid phase changing system for effectively energizing the magnetic brake from the source by rectiedcurrent and discontinuing eiective energization by inversion; a control system comprising contacts and circuits controlled thereby which when electrically actuated eiiect release of the friction brake by its electrically actuable means and control the rst grid phase system to cause effective energization of the magnetic clutch as aforesaid; and which, when cle-actuated allow the friction brake to set and control the rst grid phase system to cause discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic clutch as aforesaid, and control the second grid phase system to cause effective energization of the magnetic brake and after a time discontinuance of effective energization thereof as aforesaid; and control contacts controlling actuation and de-actuation of the said circuits.

3. An electric control for a power operated cyclically operating machine of the type provided with a magnetic clutch, and a magnetic brake; the control comprising a source of alternating current; a first grid controlledy tube rectifying system for the magnetic clutch; a second grid controlled tube rectifying system for the magnetic brake; grid phase changing systems for the respective rectifying system; contacts controlling the phase changing systems to cause the magnetic clutch to be energized with rectiiied current from the source effectively to drive the machine; and` to cause discontinuance of effective energization by inversion; and to cause the magnetic brake to be energized with rectified current from the source effectively to stop the machine; and' discontinuance of eiective energization thereof by inversion; and controlv means to control the said contacts to effect in sequence; elfective energization of the magnetic clutch to start the machine; discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic clutch and effective energization of the magnetic brake to stop the machine; and discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic brake.

4. An electric control for a power operated cyclically operating machine provided with a magnetic clutch, and a magnetic brake, and a friction brake biased to set condition and provided with magnetic means and means controlled thereby when energized to release the brake; the controlcomprising a source of alternating current; a first grid controlledV tube rectifying sysaeeaiee tem for the magnetic clutch; a second grid controlled tube rectifying system for the magnetic brake; grid phase changing systems for the respective rectifying systems; contacts controlling the phase changing systems to cause the magnetic clutch to be energized with rectified current from the source effectively to drive the machine; and to cause discontinuance of effective energization thereof by inversion; and to cause the magnetic brake to be energized with rectified current from the source effectively to stop the machine; and to cause discontinuance of effective energization thereof by inversion; and contacts controlling energization of the friction brake magnetic means; and control means to control the said contacts to effect in sequence; energization of the brake magnetic means and release of the friction brake and effective energization of the magnetic clutch to start the machine; discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic clutch and effective energization of the magnetic brake and de-energization of the brake magnetic means and setting of the friction brake to stop the machine; and discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic brake.

5. An electric control for a power operated cyclically operating machine of the type provided with a, magnetic clutch, and a magnetic brake; the control comprising a source of alternating current; a first grid controlled tube rectifying system for the magnetic clutch; a second grid controlled tube rectifying system for the magnetic brake; grid phase changing systems for the respective rectifying systems; contacts controlling the phase changing systems to cause the magnetic clutch to be energized with rectified current from the source effectively to drive the machine; and to cause discontinuance of effective energization thereof by inversion; and to cause the magnetic brake to be energized with rectified current from the source effectively to stop the machine; and discontinuance of effective energization thereof by inversion; and control means to control the said contacts to effect in sequence; energization of the magnetic clutch effectively to start the machine; discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic clutch and effective energization of the magnetic brake to stop the machine; and discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic brake; and the control means comprising optionally operable means to control the contacts of the phase changing system of the first grid controlled tube rectifying system, to cause the magnetic clutch to be energized effectively with reduced current.

6. An electric control for a power operated cyclically operating machine of the type provided With a magnetic clutch, and a magnetic brake, and a friction brake biased to set condition and provided with magnetic means and means controlled thereby when energized to release the brake; the control comprising a source of alternating current; a first grid controlled tube rectifying system for the magnetic clutch; a second grid controlled tube rectifying system for the magnetic brake; grid phase changing systems for the respective rectifying systems;

contacts controlling the phase changing systems i ly to stop the machine; and discontinuance of effective energization thereof by inversion; and contacts controlling energization of the friction brake magnetic means; and control means to control the said contacts to eect in sequence; energization of the brake magnetic means and release of the friction brake and energization of the magnetic clutch effectively to start the machine; discontinuance of eective energization of the magnetic clutch and effective energization of the magnetic brake and de-energization of the brake magnetic means and setting of the friction brake to stop the machine; and discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic brake; and the control means comprising optionally operable means to control the contacts of the phase changing system of the first grid controlled tube rectifying system, to cause the magnetic clutch to be energized effectively with reduced current.

7. An electric control for cyclically operating machines of the type provided with a magnetic clutch, and a magnetic brake; the control comprising a source of alternating current; electrical means to energize the magnetic clutch and brake from the source with rectified current effectively to respectively drive and brake the machine and to discontinue effective energization of the magnetic brake and clutch and discharge their stored magnetic energy back into the alternating current source as alternating current; control means to control the said electrical means to effect in sequence; effective energization of the magnetic clutch; discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic clutch and eifective energization of the magnetic brake and discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic brake.

8. An electric control for cylically operating machines of the type provided with a magnetic clutch, and a magnetic brake, and a friction brake biased to set condition and having magnetic means and means actuated by energization thereof to release it; the control comprising a source of alternating current; electrical means to energize the magnetic clutch and brake from the source with rectified current effectively respectively to drive and brake the machine, and to energize the magnetic means of the friction brake with alternating current and to discontinue effective energization of the magnetic brake and clutch and discharge their stored magnetic energy back into the alternating current source as alternating current; control means to control the electrical means to effect in sequence; effective energization of the magnetic clutch; and release of the friction brake by energization of the magnetic means; discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic clutch and effective energization of the magnetic brake and setting of the friction brake by de-energization of the magnetic means and discontinuance of effective energization of the magnetic brake.

9. An electric control for cyclically operating machines of the type provided with a magnetic clutch, and a magnetic brake; the control comprising a source of alternating current; electrical means to energize the magnetic clutch and brake from the source with rectified current effectively respectively to drive and brake the machine, and to discontinue effective energization of the magnetic brake and clutch and discharge their stored magnetic energy back into the alternating current source as alternating current; control means to control the electrical means to eftransmission element rotatable idly by the motor when the machine is at rest, a magnetic clutch, a clutch control to energize the clutch for clutching the transmission element to the machine to drive the machine by motor transmitted power, and for deenergizing the clutch; brake means to stop the machine and hold it at rest with the clutch de-energized; a motor control for disconnecting the motor from the source and for subsequently reversing it; the clutch control comprising means to energize the clutch while the machine is held at rest, to bring the transmission element and disconnected motor to rest preparatory to reversing the motor.

11. In an electric control for a power operated machine, a source of current, a reversible motor driven by source current, a rotary transmission element; a magnetic clutch, which when energized couples the element to the machine to trans- ,vx

mit motor power to drive the machine, the transmission element being idly rotated by the motor when the clutch is de-energized; brake means to stop the machine and hold it at rest; means to stop the motor and the idling element, prepara- Y tory to reversing the motor, when the machine is at rest, comprising means to disconnect the motor from the source and to then energize the clutch.

12. An electric control for a power operated cyclically operating machine of the type comf circuits for energizing the clutch and brake wind- '-4 electrical ings respectively from the source; transmission means in the respective circuits for controlling the source potential impressed on the respective windings; an electric system comprising control circuits and actuable contacts con n trolling the control circuits; the said electrical transmission means being controlled by the control circuits and responsive to sequential actuation of the contacts to sequentially impress: full energizing potential on the clutch winding; reduced potential on the clutch winding and full energizing potential on the brake winding; and reduced potential on the brake winding; the reduced potentials on the windings permitting them to discharge inductively into their said Winding circuits; the electrical transmission means in the respective Winding circuits comprising means to supply the discharge current back to the source while maintaining the respective winding circuits uninterrupted and means for sequentially actuatm ing the contacts.

13. An electric control for a power operated cyclically operating machine of the type com- 18 prising a continuously running motor for supplying power to the machine, a power transmission element rotatable idly by the motor when the machine is at rest, a magnetic clutch comprising an inductive clutch winding for clutching the transmission element to the machine to drive it, and a magnetic brake comprising an inductive brake winding for braking the machine to stop it; the control comprising: a source of alternating current; a rst electronic tube rectier connected to receive current from the source and supply it as unidirectional current to the clutch winding; a second electronic tube rectier connected to receive current from the source and supply it as unidirectional current to the brake winding; an electric system comprising control circuits and actuable contacts controlling the control circuits; the output of the rectiiiers being controlled by the control circuits and the rectiiiers being thereby rendered responsive 'to sequential actuation of the contacts to impress energizing potential on the clutch winding by the rst rectifier; reduced potential on the clutch winding by the first rectifier and energizing potential on the brake winding by the second rectiier, and reduced potential on the brake winding by the second rectiiier; the reduced potentials on the windings being at a value at which the windings discharge inductively into the respective rectiers; and the rectiers being responsive to act as inverters, and supply the discharge current back to the source; and means for sequentially actuating the contacts.

1i. An electric control for a power operated cyciically operating machine of the type comprising a continuously running motor for supplying power to the machine, a power transmission element rotatable idly by the motor when the machine is at rest, a magnetic clutch comprising an inductive clutch winding for clutching the transmission element to the machine to drive it, a magnetic brake comprising an inductive brake winding for braking the machine to stop it; the control comprising: a source of alternating current; a first and a second electronic tube rectiiier connected to receive current from the source and supply it as unidirectional current to the clutch and brake windings respectively; a control system comprising electric circuits con trolling the rectifiers, and actuable contacts controlling the circuits; the circuits being responsive to sequential actuation of the contacts to sequentially cause the first rectifier to act as a rectiiier and energize the clutch winding, to act as an inverter to cie-energize the clutch winding and to cause the second rectifier to act as a rectier to energize the brake winding, and to act as an inverter to de-energize the brake winding and means for sequentially actuating the contacts.

WILLIAM FEW.

OSWALD M. BUNDY.

References Cited in the iile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,309,443 Mascord July 8, 1919 1,787,550 Sorensim Jan. 6, 1931 1,993,413 Mellon Mar. 5, 1935 2,065,820 Mellon Dec. 29, 1936 2,133,161 Colbert Oct. 11, 1938 2,299,007 Bundy Oct. 13, 1942 2,411,122 Winther Nov. 12, 1946 

